"Employment law" summary

Employment law is a law that protects workers rights, gives some guarantees that are important for all workers, like minimum wage or compensation from being dismissed.

In English people who work have the main rights. According to Employments Protection Act employees have right to compensation if they are dismissed, women have right to time off and also return to work after having the baby, men over 65 and women over 60 are not entitled to compensation for redundancy. Also according to other acts people can't be discriminated at work, their race or sex is not important and men or women must get equal pay for equal work.

In some cases EC gives better protection than English law and also there are some differences, for example, Sunday trading. Right to strike in Britain should be supported by a majority vote of the workers.

In Japan employees don't have so many legal rights but still they once hired work all life and don't change the place. They get insurance benefits and many workers are able to live in a big cities.

Employment law is very important part of law which defends employees rights and gives guarantees.

Computer frauds

The term "Internet fraud" refers generally to any type of fraud scheme that uses one or more components of the Internet - such as chat rooms, e-mail, message boards, or Web sites. People who engage in fraud often operate in "Internet time", that means when things seem to happen more quickly, for example, business decisions, information-searching, personal interactions.
There are the major types of computer frauds:

• Auction and Retail Schemes Online - this type is the most frequent. These schemes induce their victims to send money for the promised items, but then deliver nothing or only an item far less valuable than what was promised.
• Business Opportunity/"Work-at-Home" Schemes Online. These schemes typically require the individuals to pay anywhere from $35 to several hundred dollars or more.
• Identity Theft and Fraud.
• Credit-Card Schemes. Some Internet fraud schemes, which appear to be variations on the online auction schemes described earlier, involve the use of unlawfully obtained credit card numbers to order goods or services online.

Computer fraud is a criminal act and people are punished, but still it is very difficult to find individuals and groups engaging in various types of computer fraud. So everyone who uses Internet has to be very care full, try to avoid a suspect messages, don't judge by initial appearances, be careful about giving out valuable personal data online, be especially careful about online communications with someone who conceals his true identity.

Civil and public law

Civil law concerns disputes among citizens within a country, and public law among citizens and the state, or between one state and another. The main civil law categories are contracts, torts, trusts and probate. In public law the main categories are crimes, Constitutional law and International law.
There are some differences between civil and criminal actions. In criminal action can't be any doubt about person's guilt, evidences should be very clear for judges. In civil action a crime cannot be proven if there are any doubts, so judges have to weigh all the evidence and decide is the person guilty or not. Also, criminal actions are always started by the state, but in civil law usually by individuals. Other important difference between these actions is that the party bringing a criminal action is called the prosecution and party bringing a civil action is the plaintiff. Sometimes evidence in criminal trial is not necessarily admissable and in civil action. That's why sometimes person has to prove his case even if he was found not guilty in criminal trial.
Finally, avoiding liability is bad for a person in both action. The procedures may force loser to pay money for the winner or even criminal penalty as well.

At this moment i am studying social work. I think it is interesting but still very hard profession and i am not sure that i will be able to become social worker. I like studying at Mykolas Romeris university because i get a lot of psychological news, news about people who are asocial and who need our society help. We are teached how to solve their problems but i think it is very hard to learn you must have moral fibre then you will become a real social worker. I don't think i have it. I always dreamed about other profession like law, management, administration and i hope i will study one from them. It's a pity that social work in our country is not ranked as well as in other countries like Germany, Finland and many others. I think it's a main reason why students don't
stay there for too long because it's a hard work but wage is very small.